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Ashoka's policy of Dhamma
Dhamma is a set of edicts that formed a policy of the Mauryan emperor Ashoka Maurya (Devanāgarī: अशोक, IAST: '), who succeeded to the Mauryan throne in modern-day India around 269 B.C.〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://edu.holisticthought.com/asoka-the-greats-rule-of-india-273-232-b-c/ )〕 Many historians consider him as one of the greatest kings of the ancient India for his policies of public welfare. His policy of ''Dhamma'' has been debated by intellectuals.
== Definition ==
The word Dhamma is the Prakrit form of the Sanskrit word Dharma.〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.buddhanet.net/cmdsg/getting4.htm )〕 There have been attempts to define and find equivalent English words for it, such as "piety", "moral life" and "righteousness" but scholars could not translate it into English because it was coined and used in a specific context. The word ''Dharma'' has multiple meanings in the literature and thought of ancient India. The best way to understand what Ashoka means by Dhamma is to read his edicts, which were written to explain the principles of Dhamma to the people of that time throughout the empire.
Dhamma was not a particular religious faith or practice, or an arbitrary formulated royal policy. Dhamma related to generalized norms of social behavior and activities; Ashoka tried to synthesize various social norms which were current in his time. It cannot be understood by assuming it is one of the various religions that existed that time. To understand why and how Ashoka formulated Dhamma and its meaning, one must understand the characteristics of the time in which he lived and to refer to Buddhist, Brahmanical and other texts where norms of social behavior are explained.
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